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P A R T 4
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Health

In today's world, it is seen that a sedentary lifestyle is dominant with the increase of the population in the
cities and the negative effects it brings along with the effect of technological developments. It is known
that many health problems occur in individuals with the addition of harmful habits such as smoking and
alcohol to the negative effects of sedentary life. This situation is associated with insufficient physical
activity and mortality rates and negatively affects general health.
The importance of physical activity is increasing day by day in terms of reducing the health problems faced
by individuals for various reasons and eliminating their effects. Participation in physical activities affects
individuals of all age groups and many positive gains are obtained. Therefore, the World Health
Organization states that individuals of all ages should participate in strengthening physical activities
involving major muscle groups two or more days a week (WHO, 2019).
It has been proven by many studies in the literature that regular and active physical activity plays a key role
in successful aging, especially in maintaining health. For example, it is possible to talk about positive gains
such as the development of motor skills in children, the prevention of diseases in adults, the maintenance
of health and the reduction of the effects of aging. Considering the duration and intensity of participation
in physical activity, we can list its positive effects under three main headings (Cook & Gazmararian, 2018).
1. Physical Health Effects of Participation in Physical Activity
• It creates a strength against the negativities that pose a risk to health such as high cholesterol and
hypertension.
• It helps to protect against cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and some types of cancer (colon and
breast cancer).
• It provides the development of body awareness.
• Helps weight control.
• Provides protection and increase of joint mobility.
• It plays an important role in the development of features such as aerobic endurance, flexibility, balance
and coordination.
2. The Effects of Participation in Physical Activity on Psychological Health
• It makes the individual feel good and gives a feeling of happiness.
• It reduces the risk of depression.
• It improves mood by reducing the level of stress and anxiety.
• It contributes to the development of problem solving skills and academic performance.

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